Bougainville and the islands under its jurisdiction are physically a part of the Solomon Island archipelago but are politically an autonomous region of Papua New Guinea. Coffee and cocoa are examples of agricultural exports.Ī number of islands off Papua New Guinea’s eastern coast-including Bougainville-have valuable mineral deposits. Subsistence agriculture is the main economic activity of most of the people. Gold, copper, silver, and other minerals are being extracted in extensive mining operations, often by outside multinational corporations. In the past few decades, oil was discovered and makes up its largest export item. The interior of the island has large areas that have not been exploited by large-scale development projects. The country’s large physical area provides greater opportunities for the exploitation of natural resources for economic gain. Papua New Guinea is a diverse country that still has many mysteries to be revealed in its little-explored interior. Many islands of Melanesia are recently independent of their European controllers Papua New Guinea received independence in 1975 and is working toward fitting into the global community. Indigenous traditions create strong centripetal forces. Many local groups inhabit the island, and more than seven hundred separate languages are spoken, more than in any other country in the world. Snow has been known to fall in the higher elevations even though they are located near the equator. The high mountains of the interior reach 14,793 feet. It is diverse in both physical terrain and human geography. Papua New Guinea is the largest country in the Pacific realm and therefore the largest in Melanesia. Not every island has the funding to support these expenditures to draw tourists to their location. Long distances between islands and remote locations make tourism transportation expensive. To attract tourism, the islands must invest in the necessary infrastructure, such as airports, hotels, and supporting services. Tourism is a growing sector of the service industry and a major means of gaining wealth for various island groups.
The main resources available are a pleasant climate, beautiful beaches, and tropical island terrain, all of which can be attractive to tourists and people from other places. In recent decades, some national wealth has been gained from the mining of substances such as phosphates on a few of the islands. The Pacific is an extreme peripheral realm with little to offer to the core areas for economic exploitation. An increase in population and the introduction of modern technologies has brought about a dependency on the world’s core areas for economic support. Many waters have been overfished, consequently reducing the islands’ ability to provide food for their people or to gain national wealth. There have been changes in the national boundaries to protect offshore fishing rights around each sovereign entity. Fishing has been one of the most common ways of supporting the economy. Fishing and growing crops were the main economic activities, and nearby islands often established trade and exchanged natural resources. Traditionally, the islands were economically self-sufficient. Invasive Western cultural forces take the focus away from the traditional indigenous culture and heritage of the people who inhabited these isolated islands for centuries.
Western trends in fast food, pop music, clothing styles, and social customs often dominate television, radio, and the cinema. Islands or island groups that remain under outside political jurisdiction are the most influenced by European or American cultural forces. The globalization process bears heavily on the economic conditions that influence the cultural dynamics of the Pacific. Indigenous cultural heritage remains strong in the South Pacific, but Western culture has made deep inroads into people’s lives. The many islands can be divided into three main groups based on physical geography, local inhabitants, and location: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The Hawaiian Islands became the fiftieth US state in 1959. The United States has been a major player in the post–World War II domination and control of various island groups. The Pacific Theater of World War II was a battleground between the Japanese and American forces and had a large impact on the current conditions of many of the islands. Many of the Pacific islands have become independent countries, while others remain under the auspices of their colonial controllers.
The largest island is New Guinea, which is home to most of the realm’s population. The Pacific realm is home to many islands and island groups.
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